This digest covers key virtual and digital health regulatory and public policy developments during January 2024.Continue Reading Virtual and Digital Health Digest, February 2024
Patent
Landmark UK High Court decision makes it easier to patent AI-related inventions that utilise ANNs
The end of 2023 featured two significant judgments concerning AI inventions: (i) a highly awaited decision from the Supreme Court in Thaler on the ability of AI systems to be named inventors of patents; and (ii) a decision from the High Court in Emotional Perception considering the application of the computer program exclusion in the UK, leading to prompt changes in patent examination practices by the UKIPO. The Thaler decision was unsurprising and consistent with decisions in other jurisdictions. Consequently, this article focuses on the second of these judgments, especially as Emotional Perception could have ramifications for life sciences companies utilising artificial neural networks (ANN); inventions using ANNs will no longer be excluded from patentability on the basis that it engages the computer program exclusion to patentability in the UK.Continue Reading Landmark UK High Court decision makes it easier to patent AI-related inventions that utilise ANNs
Demystifying the UPC and the Unitary Patent
Answers to Some Common Questions
After many years of debate, negotiations and work, the Unified Patent Court (UPC) and the unitary patent system were finally launched on 1 June 2023. In this publication, we demystify confusing terminology and misconceptions by providing answers to common questions on the UPC and the unitary patent system.Continue Reading Demystifying the UPC and the Unitary Patent
Demystifying the UPC and the Unitary Patent – answers to some common questions
The Unified Patent Court (UPC) and the unitary patent system are expected to commence on 1 June 2023. Until early December 2022, the UPC was advocating 1 April 2023 as the date of entry into force of the Agreement on a Unified Patent Court (UPCA) with the Sunrise Period commencing on 1 January 2023. The two-month postponement has been implemented to allow users to prepare for “strong authentication” required to access the court’s Case Management System and to sign documents. In this publication, we demystify confusing terminology and misconceptions by providing answers to common questions on the UPC and the unitary patent system.
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European Commission launches public consultation on compulsory licensing of patents
Following a call for evidence in April 2022, the European Commission launched a public consultation in July 2022 seeking to revise the framework on compulsory licensing of patents in the EU. The general objective being to create a less fragmented and better-suited compulsory licensing system for EU-wide crises of a health, environmental, nuclear or industrial nature. Nevertheless, the consultation recognises that any system should remain exceptional and a last resort measure, applicable where voluntary agreements are not implemented, and bearing in mind that compulsory licensing may have a significant impact on IP holders.
Continue Reading European Commission launches public consultation on compulsory licensing of patents
AI and IP: Implications for digital health from possible reforms to UK IP law
The use of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning is growing at a significant pace and spreading across many industry sectors, including healthcare. With the rapid development of AI technology which has the potential to revolutionise many aspects of our lives, including in providing and receiving healthcare services, the concept of “creations of the mind” is no longer limited to creations by a human being. These technological developments mean that the legal framework governing intellectual property (IP) rights such as patents and copyright, which protect “creations of the mind”, may need to be adjusted to address the changes and impacts brought about by the use of AI.
In line with the UK government’s ambition for the UK to be a leader in AI and to better understand the implications AI might have for IP policy, as well as the impact IP might have for AI in the short to medium term, the UK IPO conducted a public consultation at the end of 2020. The aim of the consultation was to seek responses on a range of questions relating to AI and IP rights. The UK IPO received 92 responses from a wide range of stakeholders, including IP rights holders, producers of AI technology and academia. The government’s response to the call for views on AI and IP was published in March 2021, under which reforms to patent and copyright law and policy were discussed.
In this blog, we summarise the UK government’s conclusions from the consultation before considering the potential impact to digital health applications and companies.Continue Reading AI and IP: Implications for digital health from possible reforms to UK IP law
CJEU decision on scope of skinny labels
On 14 February 2019, the Court of Justice of the EU (CJEU) delivered its judgment in Case C-423/17 Netherlands v Warner-Lambert Company, finding in line with the opinion of Advocate General Kokott issued on 4 October 2018, that “carving-out” indications or dosage forms covered by the patent right of a third party, leading to a skinny label for the product, is a request to limit the marketing authorisation for the generic medicinal product. In practice, this prevents the competent authorities from publishing a complete SmPC, showing all indications associated with the innovator product, on their website.
Today’s judgment will be welcomed by innovative companies seeking to ensure the effectiveness of their second medical use patents.Continue Reading CJEU decision on scope of skinny labels
Brexhaustion: IP Rights and Exhaustion Post-Brexit
On 28 November 2018, the UK Government published draft secondary legislation changing UK intellectual property law relating to exhaustion of IP rights to deal with Brexit. The aim is to ensure that the doctrine of EEA-wide exhaustion continues to apply in the UK post-Brexit, irrespective of whether there is a deal or a no-deal Brexit.
What is exhaustion?
As summarised in the explanatory memorandum, the exhaustion rule prevents the holder of an intellectual property right from using that right to stop the importation of a product into an EU country where it has been lawfully placed on the market in another country in the European Economic Area (EEA). In other words, an IP holder cannot use its IP rights to prevent parallel import (sometimes called grey imports) of goods from within the EEA. Unless the law is changed, this will not apply after Brexit, because the UK will no longer be part of the EEA. The proposed legislation seeks to change this so that exhaustion still applies to any goods brought into the UK, provided they have been placed on an EEA market with the IP owner’s consent. This will apply irrespective of whether there is a Brexit deal or not, and it is intended that this comes into effect on Brexit-day, if approved by Parliament.Continue Reading Brexhaustion: IP Rights and Exhaustion Post-Brexit
UK Supreme Court rules on validity and infringement of second medical use patents
On 14 November, the Supreme Court handed down its judgment on the validity and infringement of the second medical use patent that protected Pfizer’s Lyrica® (pregabalin) for the treatment of various types of pain. In Warner-Lambert Company LLC v Generics (UK) Ltd (t/a Mylan) & Anor [2018] UKSC 56, the Court decided that the patent held by Warner-Lambert (a company in the Pfizer group) was invalid for insufficiency, because it did not render it plausible that pregabalin would be effective to treat all of the claimed types of pain. The Court also held that, had the claims been valid, they would not have been infringed by a “skinny label” generic version of pregabalin that had the protected indications carved out. However, the five judges of the Court were not in agreement on several key points.
Continue Reading UK Supreme Court rules on validity and infringement of second medical use patents
New global database for drug patent information
Yesterday, a new global medicines patent database, the Patent Information Initiative for Medicines (Pat-INFORMED), was launched by WIPO and the International Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers & Associations (IFPMA).
Pat-INFORMED is designed to help procurement agencies better understand the global patent status of medicines, for example to anticipate generic launch and to design tenders. It includes a free open access database of patent information, and a platform where procurement agencies can make direct enquiries to companies.
Continue Reading New global database for drug patent information