On 3 September 2026, Advocate General Kokott delivered a significant Opinion in Case C‑193/25, Poland v Parliament and Council, recommending the annulment of the provisions of the revised Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive 2024/3019 (UWWTD) that require pharmaceutical and cosmetics producers to finance 80% of the costs of quaternary wastewater treatment. While the AG accepts the legitimacy of applying the polluter-pays principle to micropollutants in wastewater, she concludes that the EU legislature failed adequately to substantiate the scientific basis for selecting  those industries to pay 80% of the costs.